The phq is a selfadministered version of the primemd, a screening tool that assesses 12 mental and emotional health disorders. The phq8 as a measure of current depression in the general population article in journal of affective disorders 114. The epds is not a diagnostic tool and must always be used in conjunction with clinical assessment. Rather than being used to diagnose depression, a depression rating scale may be used to assign a score. The scale has also been validated for use with adolescents, the elderly, and a number of different ethnic groups. This postpartum depression scale can be very helpful as postpartum depression is a serious mental illness that affects up to 1in8 new mothers. It is the 9question depression scale from the patient health questionnaire phq. Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale cesd, nimh below is a list of the ways you might have felt or behaved. Initial visit tool 2 form for recording initial findings about the patient with possible depression phq9 flow chart tool 3 tracking tool for phq9 monitoring of depression response to treatment patient. Jan 01, 2008 practices are required to use a validated assessment tool for this purpose. Administering the patient health questionnaires 2 and 9.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression anxiety scale non doubtful scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases scwres cases cases cases 07 57 11 1 07 41 4 1 810 8 7 3 810 10 9 1. Of the 9 items, b, c, or d are circled as at least more than half the days. The hamilton rating scale for depression hamd is one of the most popular depression assessment instruments among the clinician scales in the field of clinical and health psychology, together with the beck depression inventory and other depression scales bentz and hall, 2008. Phq 9 questionnaire for depression scoring and interpretation guide for physician use only scoring. No this person does not meet the diagnostic criteria for depression. The phq9 is the nine item depression scale of the patient health questionnaire1. The hamd is designed to rate the severity of depression in patients.
The phq 2 is a preliminary screening tool administered prior to the phq 9. Tools depression screen tool 1 a twoquestion screen to determine the possibility of depression in patients depression evaluation. Jerome a yesavage geriatric depression scale psychopharmacology bulletin 1988 24. Geriatric depression scale gds15, phq9, and the 17item hamilton rating scale for depression hdrs17 for the diagnosis of major depressive episodes in the elderly. Background the edinburgh postpartum depression scale epds is a selfadministered examination that is. Guide for interpreting phq9 scores score action 04 the score suggests the patient may not need depression treatment 514 mild major depressive disorder. Postpartum depression scale, postpartum depression screening. The gds long form is a brief, 30item questionnaire in which participants. Total score greater than five indicates probably depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 1 epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing.
Depressed mood gloomy attitude, pessimism about the future, feeling of sadness, tendency to weep 0 absent 1 sadness, etc. The popularity of a scale does not guarantee that it is feasible and uptodate bagby et al, 2004. Phq9 depression scale university of washington aims center. It is based directly on the it is based directly on the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorders in diagnostic and statistical manual fourth edition dsmiv 2. Jan 21, 2017 table 1 properties and 95% confidence intervals of the patient health questionnaire 9 phq 9 and edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, at the cutoff points of maximum sensitivity and specificity for screening for mde among adults in the community. The phq9 was completed by 6,000 patients in 8 primary care clinics and 7 obstetricsgynecology clinics. We further compared the accuracy of these three scales to identify major depression in this population. The results of the phq9 may be used to make a depression diagnosis according to dsmiv criteria and takes less than 3 minutes to complete. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet.
Phq9 questionnaire for depression scoring and interpretation guide for physician use only scoring. The depression scale deps the tampere depression study t adep study was begun in 1990. Please tell me how often you have felt this way during the past week. The emotional and mental health of children and young people in. If the patient responds affirmatively to either of the two items on the phq2, the following seven questions on the phq9 are asked. The phq 9 is intended as a tool to assist clinicians with identifying and diagnosing depression but is not a substitute for diagnosis by a. Depression should not be diagnosed or excluded solely on the basis of a phq9 score. The phq 8 as a measure of current depression in the general population. Consider other diagnoses to explain hisher symptoms.
As seen in table 2, the phq9 scale diagnosed more than twice as many patients with severe depression in comparison with the hadsd scale, while the two scales identified equal amounts of mild forms of depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j. Psychometric comparison of phq9 and hads for measuring. A self report depression scale for research in the general population. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. The phq9 is intended as a tool to assist clinicians with identifying and diagnosing depression but is not a substitute for diagnosis by a. Assessing the validity of the phq9, hads, bdiii and qidssr. Sep 01, 2009 as seen in table 2, the phq 9 scale diagnosed more than twice as many patients with severe depression in comparison with the hadsd scale, while the two scales identified equal amounts of mild forms of depression. Cabaneromartinez, cabrerogarcia, richartmartinez, munoz.
Depression is common in late life, affecting nearly 5 million of the 31 million americans aged 65 and older with clinically significant. Patient completes phq 9 quick depression assessment. The phq8 as a measure of current depression in the. The phq9 is the depression module, which scores each of the 9 dsmiv criteria as 0 not at all to 3 nearly every day. Physician uses clinical judgment about treatment, based on patients duration of symptoms and functional impairment. To use the phq9 to obtain a total score and assess depressive severity. Greenberg, phd, rn, gnpbc, hartford institute for geriatric nursing, new york university rory meyers college of nursing why. The phq 9 is the nine item depression scale of the patient health questionnaire1. The phq2 consists of the first two questions asked on the phq9. Using the phq9 for depression screening and treatment. Dimensional versus categorical use of the phq 9 depression scale among persons with nonsmallcell lung cancer.
Comparative performance of the edinburgh postnatal. Comparison of two selfrating scales to detect depression. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. It is one of the most validated tools in mental health and can be a powerful tool to assist clinicians with diagnosing depression and monitoring treatment response. Becks depression inventory this depression inventory can be selfscored. Phq 9 scores were not available for seven men and five women. Research has shown that certain scores on the phq9 are strongly correlated with a subsequent diagnosis of major depression although not everyone with an elevated phq9 is certain to have major depression. References kroenke k, strine tw, spritzer rl, williams jb, berry jt, mokdad ah. The patient health questionnaire 2 phq 2 is used by some clinicians and organizations to screen patients for undiagnosed depression. This study provides information on the comparative utility of a commonly used perinatalspecific depression instrument the edinburgh postnatal depression scaleepds with a general depression screener patient health questionnaire9phq9 in a sample of perinatal women seeking psychiatry services within a large us health care system. Phq9 questionnaire for depression scoring and interpretation guide. In this study, we aimed to examine the ability of the depression scale and its items to recognise and predict a depressive episode.
The phq8 as a measure of current depression in the general. Total score depression severity 04 no or minimal depression 59 mild depression 1014 moderate depression 1519 moderately severe depression 2027 severe depression use with permission. Based on clinical observation, we hypothesized that the hdrs17. It is the selfreport version of the primary care evaluation of mental disorders primemd, a diagnostic tool developed in the mid1990s by. Of the 9 items, 5 or more are checked as at least more than half the days.
Personal health questionnaire depression scale phq 8 over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems. When used, an observer may make judgements and rate a person at a specified scale level with respect to identified characteristics. Patient completes phq9 quick depression assessment. Accuracy of three depression screening scales to diagnose. Over 21, possibility of major depression you appear to be experiencing a high level of depressive symptoms associated with major depression. Assessing the validity of the phq9, hads, bdiii and qidssr 16 in measuring severity of depression in a uk sample of primary care patients with a diagnosis of depression author. Of the 9 items, 5 or more are circled as at least more than half the days either item 1a or 1b is positive, that is, at least more than half the days scoring method for diagnosis minor depressive syndrome is suggested if. Personal health questionnaire depression scale phq 9 over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems. Classification of symptoms which may be difficult to obtain can be scored as. A depression rating scale is a psychiatric measuring instrument having descriptive words and phrases that indicate the severity of depression for a time period. Weeks pregnant babys age over the past month, how often have you experienced the following.
Interpreting the edinburgh postpartum depression scale for refugees tiffany smith physician assistant candidate 2016, university of southern california. Applied health sciences mental health, university of aberdeen. Assessing the validity of the phq9, hads, bdiii and qids. It has modules on mood phq 9, anxiety, alcohol, eating, and somatoform disorders. Where a score of more than five is indicated, a more.
Tilburg university depression and risk of mortality in people with. Holden, r sagovsky 1987 this 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period. The scoring scale is at the end of the questionnaire. In total, the phq 9 scale identified 30% more patients as depressed compared to the hadsd scale. Multiply that number by the value indicated below, then add the subtotal to produce a total score. Use of the phq9 to make a tentative depression diagnosis. If the phq2 is positive for depression, the phq9 or a clinical. Phq 9 patient depression questionnaire for initial diagnosis. As with other selfassessed depression scales, the cesd should not be viewed as a diagnostic tool, but rather as a screening tests to identify individuals or groups at risk for depression. Construct validity was assessed using the 20item shortform general health survey. Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale cesd. Comparison of the phq9 and cesd depression scales in systemic sclerosis. These are common tools used for screening depression as well as the patient health questionnaire 9 phq 9 and the refugee health screener15 rhs15. Patient health questionnaire phq9 british columbia.
Practices are required to use a validated assessment tool for this purpose. The phq9 is a brief, 9item scale that includes only the depressionrelated items from the phq. Cage questionnaire have you ever felt you should c ut down on your drinking. The patient health questionnaire phq is a multiplechoice selfreport inventory ed by pfizer inc, that is used as a screening and diagnostic tool for mental health disorders of depression, anxiety, alcohol, eating, and somatoform disorders.
You appear to be experiencing some mild to moderate symptoms of depression. In addition to the increase in prevalence of emotional, behavioural and mental health issues, head teachers representatives. Phq9 nine symptom checklist university of washington. Add up the numbers endorsed for questions 19 and obtain a total score. Phq9 patient depression questionnaire for initial diagnosis. Hamilton depression rating scale the total hamilton depression hamd rating scale provides and indication of depression and, over time, provides a valuable guide to progress. Geriatric depression scale gds15, phq 9, and the 17item hamilton rating scale for depression hdrs17 for the diagnosis of major depressive episodes in the elderly. While there are many instruments available to measure depression, the geriatric depression scale gds, first created by yesavage, et al. The patient health questionnaire 2 item phq 2 is an ultrabrief screening instrument containing the first two questions from the phq 9 3 two screening questions to assess the presence of a depressed mood and a loss of interest or pleasure in routine activities, and a positive response to either question indicates further testing is required.
Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning t. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox. Assessing the validity of the phq 9, hads, bdiii and qidssr 16 in measuring severity of depression in a uk sample of primary care patients with a diagnosis of depression author. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. Questionnaire phq9, hospital anxiety and depression scale hads and beck. Dimensional versus categorical use of the phq9 depression. Personal health questionnaire depression scale phq9. The nine items of the phq9 are based directly on the nine diagnostic criteria. Its important to be screened for postpartum depression any time mood disturbances are severe or last longer than two weeks after birth. Postpartum depression scale, postpartum depression.
In total, the phq9 scale identified 30% more patients as depressed compared to the hadsd scale. Dimensional versus categorical use of the phq9 depression scale among persons with nonsmallcell lung cancer. Have people a nnoyed you by criticizing your drinking. Table 1 properties and 95% confidence intervals of the patient health questionnaire9 phq9 and edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, at the cutoff points of maximum sensitivity and specificity for screening for mde among adults in the community. The phq 9 is the nine item depression scale of the patient health questionnaire.
Please tick the response that most closely describes your experience for every question not at all some. Research has shown that certain scores on the phq 9 are strongly correlated with a subsequent diagnosis of major depression although not everyone with an elevated phq 9 is certain to have major depression. Initial visit tool 2 form for recording initial findings about the patient with possible depression phq 9 flow chart tool 3 tracking tool for phq 9 monitoring of depression response to treatment patient. Personal health questionnaire depression scale phq8. The phq9 is the nine item depression scale of the patient health questionnaire. This person meets diagnostic criteria for depression. Patient health questionnaire9 introduction the patient health questionnaire phq is a selfreport version of the primary care evaluation of mental disorders primemd diagnostic tool for common mental disorders. Have you ever felt bad or g uilty about your drinking. The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression anxiety scale non doubtful scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases scwres cases cases. The phq 9 is the 9 question depression scale of phq. The phq9 dep9 in some sourcesis a 9question instrument given to patients in a primary care setting to screen for the presence and severity of depression. Although it contains 21 areas, calculate the patients score on the first 17 answers. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1.
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